Amino Acids and Proteins

Nonpolar, polar, acidic and basic, determined by the R group

A memory aid for grouping amino acids by side chain.

Transamination collects it, glutamine transports it, the urea cycle removes it

A memory aid for how nitrogen is moved and disposed of.

Leucine, isoleucine and valine, metabolised in muscle not liver

A memory aid for the branched chain amino acids and maple syrup urine disease.

Hydroxylation requires vitamin C, then glycosylation, triple helix formation and cross-linking

A memory aid for the steps of collagen production.

PVT TIM HaLL: Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine

A mnemonic for the nine essential amino acids.

Begins and ends in the mitochondrion, with ALA synthase rate limiting

A memory aid for haem synthesis and where the porphyrias arise.

Tyrosine gives catecholamines, tryptophan gives serotonin, glutamate gives GABA

A memory aid for which amino acid gives rise to which neurotransmitter.

Intake minus loss, positive in growth and negative in catabolism

A memory aid for interpreting nitrogen balance.

Folate carries one carbon units; B12 transfers the methyl group to homocysteine

A memory aid for the folate and B12 methylation cycle.

Ammonia from deamination is converted to urea in the liver

A memory aid for nitrogen disposal.

Primary sequence, secondary local folding, tertiary three-dimensional shape, quaternary subunits

A memory aid for the four levels of protein structure.