Enzymes and Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

A memory aid for the stages of cellular energy production.

Four complexes pumping protons, and ATP synthase using the gradient

A memory aid for the complexes of the respiratory chain and their inhibitors.

Most B vitamins are coenzyme precursors for specific reaction types

A memory aid for which vitamin becomes which coenzyme.

What happens to Km and Vmax distinguishes them

A memory aid for competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.

Km reflects affinity and Vmax reflects capacity

A memory aid for Michaelis-Menten kinetics and enzyme inhibition.

Allosteric control, covalent modification, and changes in enzyme quantity

A memory aid for how enzyme activity is controlled.

Different molecular forms of the same enzyme, characteristic of different tissues

A memory aid for the concept and clinical use of isoenzymes.

Acetyl-CoA is oxidised, generating NADH, FADH2 and GTP

A memory aid for the yield and role of the citric acid cycle.

Electrons pass down the chain, pumping protons that drive ATP synthase

A memory aid for the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Unfavourable reactions are driven by coupling them to ATP hydrolysis

A memory aid for free energy and coupled reactions.