Hypertension and Lipids

Daytime average over at least 14 measurements, with lower thresholds

A memory aid for the use and thresholds of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, thiazides, then spironolactone or beta blockers

A memory aid for the main antihypertensive drug classes and their side effects.

Cuff size, position, rate of deflation and repetition

A memory aid for measuring blood pressure accurately and its pitfalls.

Chylomicrons carry dietary fat, VLDL endogenous fat, LDL delivers cholesterol, HDL returns it

A memory aid for the lipoprotein classes and their roles.

Acetyl-CoA to mevalonate via HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step

A memory aid for the cholesterol synthetic pathway and its regulation.

Very high cholesterol, tendon xanthomata and a family history of early death

A memory aid for recognising familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Raised cardiac output early, raised systemic vascular resistance later

A memory aid for the mechanisms underlying essential hypertension.

End organ damage, not the number, defines the emergency

A memory aid for distinguishing hypertensive emergency from urgency.

Diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure

A memory aid for calculating mean arterial pressure.

Hypertension with hypokalaemia, high aldosterone and suppressed renin

A memory aid for the features and investigation of Conn syndrome.

Stroke volume divided by arterial compliance

A memory aid for the determinants of pulse pressure.

Renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, ACE, angiotensin II, aldosterone

A memory aid for the steps of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade.

Renal, endocrine, vascular and drug causes

A memory aid for the causes of hypertension other than essential.