Staining and Microscopy

H and E for routine work, with special stains for specific components

A memory aid for the common stains and what each demonstrates.

Cytology examines individual cells; histology examines tissue architecture

A memory aid for the difference between cytology and histology.

Renal biopsy, ciliary disorders, storage disease and undifferentiated tumours

A memory aid for when electron microscopy is diagnostically necessary.

Margins, tissue identification, and confirming malignancy during surgery

A memory aid for when an intraoperative frozen section is used.

Linear, granular or absent, each indicating a mechanism

A memory aid for the immunofluorescence patterns in renal and skin biopsy.

Antibodies against lineage-specific proteins identify a tumour's origin

A memory aid for the immunohistochemical markers identifying tissue lineage.

Fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, sectioning and staining

A memory aid for the steps of preparing a histology slide.