Cell Injury and Adaptation

Misfolded protein deposited as beta pleated sheets

A memory aid for the types and features of amyloidosis.

Apoptosis is programmed and tidy; necrosis is accidental and inflammatory

A memory aid for distinguishing the two forms of cell death.

Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia

A mnemonic for the ways cells adapt to stress.

Unpaired electrons attacking lipids, proteins and DNA

A memory aid for the sources and consequences of free radical damage.

Reactive oxygen species damage lipids, proteins and DNA unless neutralised

A memory aid for oxidative stress and its defences.

Lipid, protein, glycogen and pigments

A memory aid for the substances that accumulate within cells.

Oxygen returns to injured tissue and generates free radicals

A memory aid for why restoring blood flow can worsen tissue damage.

Dystrophic occurs in damaged tissue; metastatic occurs in normal tissue with high calcium

A memory aid for the two types of tissue calcification.

Membrane damage and mitochondrial failure mark irreversibility

A memory aid for the point of no return in cell injury.

Coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid and gangrenous

A mnemonic for the morphological patterns of necrosis.