Inflammation and Repair

Neutrophils and exudate in acute; lymphocytes, macrophages and fibrosis in chronic

A memory aid for distinguishing acute from chronic inflammation.

Rubor, calor, tumor, dolor and functio laesa

A mnemonic for the five classical signs of acute inflammation.

Neutrophils first, macrophages next, lymphocytes for the long term

A memory aid for which cell arrives when in inflammation.

Cell-derived mediators such as histamine, and plasma-derived cascades

A memory aid for the mediators of inflammation by source.

Interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor drive the acute phase response

A memory aid for the main inflammatory cytokines.

Local factors at the wound, systemic factors in the patient

A mnemonic for the local and systemic factors delaying wound healing.

Infection, foreign body, sarcoidosis, Crohn disease and vasculitis

A mnemonic for the causes of granulomatous inflammation.

Keloid grows beyond the wound; hypertrophic stays within it

A memory aid for distinguishing keloid from hypertrophic scarring.

Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling

A memory aid for the stages of wound healing.