Pharmacodynamics

Alpha-1 vasoconstricts, beta-1 stimulates the heart, beta-2 vasodilates

A memory aid for the cardiovascular actions of each adrenoceptor subtype.

Agonists activate, antagonists block, partial agonists do both depending on context

A memory aid for the types of receptor ligand.

Ion channel, G protein coupled, enzyme linked and intracellular receptors

A memory aid for the main types of cell surface receptor.

Ion channels, G protein coupled, kinase linked and nuclear receptors

A memory aid for the receptor types drugs act on and their speed.

Nicotinic at all ganglia, muscarinic and adrenergic at effector organs

A memory aid for autonomic receptor types and their drugs.

Potency is the dose needed, efficacy is the maximum effect achievable

A memory aid for distinguishing potency from efficacy.

Agonists downregulate receptors; antagonists upregulate them

A memory aid for tachyphylaxis, tolerance and rebound.

Steroids act on intracellular receptors and alter gene transcription

A memory aid for how steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones.

The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose

A memory aid for the concept of therapeutic window.

Receptor downregulation, enzyme induction and physiological adaptation

A memory aid for the mechanisms of drug tolerance and dependence.