Mnemonic

Four Parasympathetic Ganglia of the Head

Mnemonic for the four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and their linked cranial nerves.

Expansion

Ciliary sees, pterygopalatine cries, otic chews, submandibular drools

Mnemonic

Four ganglia, each with a nerve arriving and a target:

Ganglion Preganglionic from Supplies
Ciliary III, oculomotor Sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle
Pterygopalatine VII, greater petrosal Lacrimal gland, nasal glands
Submandibular VII, chorda tympani Submandibular and sublingual glands
Otic IX, lesser petrosal Parotid gland

“Seven supplies the two salivary glands you can see, nine supplies the one you cannot.” The facial nerve reaches the submandibular and sublingual glands; the glossopharyngeal reaches the parotid, despite the parotid being pierced by the facial nerve.

All four ganglia are suspended from branches of the trigeminal nerve, which carries the postganglionic fibres to their destination, so the trigeminal is the delivery system without being the source.

Expansion

  • Ciliary ganglion - CN III, eye focusing and pupil constriction
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion - CN VII, lacrimal gland secretion
  • Otic ganglion - CN IX, parotid gland secretion
  • Submandibular ganglion - CN VII, submandibular and sublingual gland secretion