Mnemonic

Occupational and Travel History

A memory aid for the exposures that change a differential diagnosis.

Expansion

Occupation, travel, animals, hobbies and contacts

Expansion

Occupational

  • Asbestos: shipbuilding, construction, plumbing, lagging. Latency of 20 to 40 years
  • Silica and coal: mining, quarrying, stonemasonry
  • Organic dusts: farming (farmer’s lung), birds (bird fancier’s lung), causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • Isocyanates: spray painting, causing occupational asthma. Ask whether symptoms improve at weekends and on holiday
  • Bladder carcinogens: dye, rubber and leather industries
  • Noise, vibration, radiation, chemicals

Travel

  • Destination, rural or urban, timing relative to symptoms, prophylaxis and adherence, vaccinations
  • Malaria must be excluded in any fever after travel to an endemic area
  • Incubation periods narrow the differential: under 10 days suggests dengue or typhoid; weeks suggests malaria or hepatitis; months suggests tuberculosis or leishmaniasis
  • Freshwater exposure (schistosomiasis, leptospirosis), sexual contacts, healthcare abroad (resistant organisms)

Animals and hobbies: birds (psittacosis), cats (toxoplasmosis, cat scratch), rodents, sheep at lambing (Q fever), gardening, hot tubs.

Contacts: ill contacts, tuberculosis exposure, and childhood illnesses.