Mnemonic

SAD PUCKER

A mnemonic for the retroperitoneal structures of the abdomen.

Expansion

Suprarenal, Aorta and IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum

Expansion

  • S - Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
  • A - Aorta and inferior vena cava
  • D - Duodenum, second and third parts
  • P - Pancreas, except the tail
  • U - Ureters
  • C - Colon, ascending and descending
  • K - Kidneys
  • E - (O)esophagus, abdominal part
  • R - Rectum

Primarily retroperitoneal structures were never in the peritoneal cavity: kidneys, adrenals, ureters, aorta and inferior vena cava.

Secondarily retroperitoneal structures began with a mesentery and later fused to the posterior wall: duodenum, pancreas, and the ascending and descending colon. This fusion plane is avascular and can be opened surgically to mobilise these organs: the Kocher manoeuvre for the duodenum, and medial visceral rotation for the colon.