Renal and Genitourinary Pathology

Ischaemic or toxic injury to tubular cells, with an oliguric then polyuric phase

A memory aid for the causes and course of acute tubular necrosis.

Hyperfiltration, then microalbuminuria, then proteinuria and decline

A memory aid for the stages and histology of diabetic kidney disease.

Proliferative, membranous, sclerosing and crescentic patterns

A memory aid for the histological patterns of glomerular disease.

Nephritic is inflammatory with haematuria; nephrotic is leaky with heavy proteinuria

A memory aid for distinguishing the two glomerular syndromes.

Hyperplasia affects the transition zone; carcinoma affects the peripheral zone

A memory aid for distinguishing benign from malignant prostatic disease.

Renal cell carcinoma in adults, Wilms tumour in children, urothelial carcinoma in the collecting system

A memory aid for the common renal and urothelial tumours.

Germ cell tumours predominate, divided into seminoma and non-seminoma

A memory aid for the classification of testicular tumours.